A method for preparation of chutney from dried Bombay duck fish has been developed. The recipe, ingredients for the product has been standardized through taste panel studies. Besides, a treatment of antioxidant has been tried to assess the effect on shelf life of the product. The proximate composition, bacteriological and organoleptic changes in treated and untreated chutney has been studied during storage at room temperature. The quality of treated and untreated have better keeping quality and from organoleptic point of view both the chutney retain acceptable quality upto 90 days at room temperature in airtight polythene bag.

Communication is a dynamic and wide process with its ever changing roles of sending and receiving information, ideas, emotions and the working of mind. Communication is not only a word but a term in itself with multiple interpretations. Out of a number of forms, there are two very important kinds of communication, verbal and non-verbal and the relation between them is inseparable. Non-verbal communication keeps the major portion of the periphery occupied and in absence of it communication can never happen. In the era of caveman, just using nonverbal communication could help to understand the other person, but in the complex society of today both verbal and non-verbal forms of communication are needed to fully understand each other. We start taking lessons in nonverbal communication from the very starting of our life from parents and the society in which we are surviving. There is a very common perception among people that for understanding any oral message we have to concentrate and subsequently be able to understand the nonverbal elements, but in reality nonverbal communication is not as easy to understand as it seems to be. Often it is misinterpreted and because of that wrong message is understood by the receiver. Another widely accepted fact states that by focusing upon the body language of a person we can predict how he/she feels about any situation. But all that varies from context to context, from culture to culture. Studies in the field of nonverbal communication have well illustrated the fact. Since nonverbal behavior arises from our cultural common sense, we use different systems of understanding gestures, postures, and silence, emotional expressions, touch, physical appearance, and other nonverbal cues including personality. This paper focuses mostly upon the basic understanding required to be taken into consideration while understanding non verbal elements along with verbal elements in different cultural settings.

ABSTRACT: Ultrasonic studies of cerium and thorium palmitate in benzene methanol mixture were used to determine the CMC , soap solvent interaction and various acoustic parameters, inter-molecular free-length, adiabatic compressibility, apparent molar compressibility, specific acoustic impedance, molar sound velocity, solvation number, available volume and relative association at different temperatures. The results showed that these soaps behave as weak electrolytes in dilute solutions and the values of the CMC increase with the increasing temperature.

ABSTRACT: Mycorrhiza is the most important member of functional soil microbial community in natural ecosystem and creates an intimate link between plant roots and soil. In the present investigation, attempts were made to screen out endomycorrhizal biodiversity from different medicinal plants. A total of twelve plants from six different families were screened for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) spore number and root colonization. The mycorrhizal root colonization ranged from 0.0 to 67.50±10.60 percent. Adhatoda vesica showed maximum root colonization and Achyranthus aspera lack mycorrhizal root colonization. The spore number ranged from 25.66±3.00 to 388.33±8.50. The highest mycorrhizal spore count was found in Aster thomsonii and lowest in Aloe vera. It was found that number of spores in the rhizosphere of plant was not related to the intensity of AM root colonization. The study confirmed that the biodiversity of AM fungi differ in different plants.

The fiscal reform at the state level is important from the viewpoint of both macroeconomic stability and microeconomic allocative efficiency. The Constitution assigns a pre-eminent role to states in agricultural development, poverty alleviation, human development and co-equal position in the provision of physical infrastructure. The predominant role in allocation and cooperative role in distribution makes states fiscal operations critical for macroeconomic stabilization as well. Although the Constitution places limitations on the states’ borrowing powers, in actual practice they are able to run large deficits and that makes fiscal reforms at the state level critical for achieving overall fiscal consolidation in the country. A state specific assessment of fiscal position assumes importance in view of the wide disparities that exist among the Indian states. So, the need of the hour is to frame an effective and time-bound policy measures to enhance revenues particularly non-taxes and shift in expenditure pattern towards economic growth of the state. This paper is an attempt to examine current programme options from the point of view of macro-economic stability and growth, study the public finance at state level and presents an analytical review and assessment of fiscal situation of Himachal Pradesh also examine the review of policy measures to strengthen the state finances and to bring down the fiscal deficit ratio to make a balance in the GDP, expected to lower inflation and interest rates in the economy and strengthen the sustainability of fiscal balance in the long run.

Performance appraisal important, because it play a vital role in any organization human resource framework. There are clear benefit from managing individual & team performance to achieve organizational objectives. Performance appraisal is an important tool in the hands of personal management because this technique accomplishes the main objective of the department of the development of people by appraising the worth of the individual. The performance management process provides a vehicle through which employees and their supervisors collaborate to enhance work results and satisfaction. This process is most effective when both the employee and the supervisor take an active role and work together to accomplish the objectives of organization. Appraisal takes place annually between the manager and the employee. However there are number of trends that are changing the style and relationship of the appraisal. In this paper we present the review of some unstructured appraisal technique, traditional technique & modern techniques of performance appraisal.

Nanotechnology has captured the imaginations of Scientists, Engineers and Economists not only because of the explosion of discoveries at nanoscale, but also because of the potential societal implications. Nanotechnology promises to be a dominant force in our society in coming decades in roads. Today, nanotechnology is still in its infancy and only rudimentary nanostructures can be created with some control. The science of atoms and simple molecules, a one end, and the science of matter from microstructures to larger scale, on the other, is generally established. The remaining size related challenge is at the nanoscale roughly between 1and 100 molecules diameters where the fundamental properties of materials are determined and can be engineered. A revolution has been occurring in science and technology, based on the recently developed ability to measure, manipulate and organize matter on this scale. Recently discovered organized structures of matter (such as Carbon Nanotubes, molecular motors, DNA-based assemblies, quantum dots and molecular switches) and new phenomenous are scientific breakthrough that merely hints at possible future developments. However formidable challenges remain in fundamental understanding of the systems on this scale before the potential of nanotechnology can be realized.

The investigation was carried out on Brassica campestris L., two varieties (YS-66 and K-88) cultivated with the treatment of two biofertillizers Azatobacter and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB). In varieties YS-66 and K-88, effect of Azatobacter 15g inoculation showed 97 ± 1.1 and 97 ± 1.2% germination with survival of 99 ± 1.2 and 98 ± 1.2% respectively. PSB 15g inoculation showed 98 ± 1.2 and 99 ± 1.1% germination with survival of 96 ± 1.1 and 97 ± 1.2% respectively. Azatobacter +PSB, 15g+15g inoculation showed 98 ± 1.2 and 99 ± 1.2 % germination with survival of 98 ± 1.1 and 98 ± 1.1% respectively . Control seeds of both varieties showed 96 ± 1.2 % germination and 94 ± 1.2 survival respectively.

ABSTRACT: Wave motion in an infinite transversely isotropic, thermoelastic plate in the context of conventional coupled thermoelasticity (CT), Lord-Shulman (LS) and Green-Lindsay (GL) theories of generalized thermoelasticity has been studied by using Homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The expressions for displacement components and temperature are derived. Finally, the numerical solution is carried out for transversely isotropic plate. The dispersion curves of displacements with thickness and time are presented graphically for coupled and generalized theories of thermoelasticity.

The present study deals with vegetation of habitats of Kota district of Rajasthan state. Plant exploration was conducted to determine plants of family Asteraceae from various habitats revealed occurrences of 10 plant species. Taxonomic position of these plant species is described in various available Floras of different regions of the Rajasthan state.

This study was oriented to identify the relationship between job satisfaction and its various variables (which are pay, promotion, the work itself, supervision, & co-workers etc.) among managers working in Pharmaceutical Industry in Himachal Pradesh. The study was conducted among 281 respondents. This study has two objectives that to determine the relationship between socio-economic variables and job satisfaction and to study the impact of organizational variables on job satisfaction. The study revealed that there was no significant relationship between socio-economic variables and job satisfaction of individuals. Whereas it was also revealed that there was a positive relationship between job satisfaction and its organizational variables which were promotion, work itself, supervision and co-workers, pay etc. It proved that job satisfaction (pay, promotion, work itself, supervision and co-workers) can contribute to increase the job satisfaction of individuals in the organization.

Transition metal complexes are cationic, anionic or neutral species in which transition metal is coordinated by ligands. Metals can play an important role in modifying the pharmacological properties of known drugs after coordinating with it. Stability constants of complexes also have an important role in the design of drugs for alleviation of metal poisoning. In the present study levofloxacin is used as a ligand for complexation. It is a member of fluoroquinolones group of antibiotics which is very active against aerobic Gram negative microorganism. The object of the present work is a physicochemical investigation of the interaction of bivalent metal ion [Mn(II)] with levofloxacin antibiotics and is aimed at understanding the mechanism of inhibitory or lethal effect of antibiotics against fixed types of microorganisms. The stability constants data can also be used for determination of various thermodynamic parameters such free energy (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0), and entropy ΔS0. From these parameters important information about mechanism of interaction can be deduced.

The natural plant product used as a medicine namely marigold were tested as corrosion inhibitor of Zn in 0.5M of HCl. The Cyclic-Voltameter, potentiometry technique data suggested that the inhibition efficiency increases with the concentration of extract. The inhibition efficiency of inhibitor interpreted as adsorption on metal surface.

Although cancer has been considered as untreatable till now, but development of several biological agents have improved the survival and quality of life in some patients. A class of agents targeting epigenetic modifier enzymes have emerged with huge potential in cancer therapy. Novel compounds endowed with a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity and DNMT inhibitory activity are attractive therapeutic approach in recent time. Clinically, it is much simple to inhibit an enzyme than to induce one and this has directed the recent research to a new class of enzymes i.e. DNMT and HDAC. As a result of the earlier work it has become clear that HDACs are unique player in chromatin architecture, thus affect protein expression by altering the accessibility of Dna to the transcriptional machinery, which in turn affect transcriptional control and also activation of many tumour suppressor genes. Instead of it DNMTs are associated with hypermethylation of promoter and decrease its accessibility for transcriptional machinery. The extensive outcome of research in terms of structure, class, size etc. offers opportunities for the development of HDACi and DNMTi with improved specificity. In recent years, an increasing number of structurally diverse inhibitors have been identified that inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation and/or apoptosis of tumor cells both in-vitro and in-vivo. The question, that how epigenetic modifications associated with DNA or histones increases or decreases the accessibility of DNA to various factors that are involved in the reading of the DNA create interest in the researchers and lead to extensive research in this field.

Chemical constitution of the fibrous material is not the only deciding factor for determining the nature of the pulp that may be made out of it. Much will depend upon the morphological properties, anatomical structure of the raw material and physical properties, in determining the yield and quality of the pulp [4]. The study of wood of Morus Nigra was analyzed for the determination of its constituents and its suitability for pulp and paper manufacture. Physical and chemical analysis of the Morus Nigra species needs special attention while exploring its pulpability and Morus Nigra is analyzed by using TAPPI procedures.

Viscosity measurements of terbium octanoate in mixed organic solvent shows that there is marked change in the aggregation of the anionic species at critical micellar concentration (CMC). The effects of temperature on CMC have been reported. The viscosity results have been satisfactorily explained by various equations with their parameters. The result shows that there is a significant interaction between solute and solvent molecules.

The present study deals with the heterocyclization of Schiff bases of (5-Benzoyl-benzimidazol-1- yl)-acetic acid hydrazide [BBAH] into (2H)-Pyrrole-2-ones derivatives. One of the hydrazide i.e. 2-hydroxy benzoic acid hydrazide (salicylhydrazide) and their condensed product play a vital role in medicinal chemistry. More particularly and recently these types of compounds have been found in the treatment of T.B. and other chemotherapeutic diseases. Hence, it was thought of interest of merging of both pyrrole and benzimidazole hydrazide moieties may enhance the drug activity of compound up to some extent or might possess some biological activity. From this point of view the objective of present works to prepare new derivatives of benzimidazole hydrazide containing a pyrrole moiety. Hence The present study deals with the heterocyclization of Schiff bases of (5-Benzoyl-benzimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid hydrazide [BBAH] into (2H)- Pyrrole-2-ones derivatives.

A Case study was made to assess the performance of irrigation water management of Lift Irrigation Scheme Sirsa Manjholi in Solan area of Shivalik Himalayas. The study was carried out from June 2010 to June 2011. The study has pointed out that the physical performance of lift irrigation scheme is poor. The construction of this scheme has not resulted in any change in cropping pattern of the command area. There are no permanent diversion head works to divert the river water. The water level of the river is going down day by day due to rampant mining of the river bed material. The Krishak Vikas Sangh is non-functional and there is little involvement of farmers in water management of the scheme. The water charges are a very low and that too are not being collected.

India is amongst the largest irrigator countries in the world today. There is however, increasing concern about some of the irrigation potential created not brought into the functional use. System performance monitoring evaluation and diagnostic analysis are keys to appreciate the improvement or inefficiency in our irrigation projects. Therefore, exercise of performance evaluation of an irrigation system, whether a minor irrigation system or a medium/major irrigation project, requires proper understanding of the problems and potentials of that project. The potential utilization of Lift Irrigation Project Barbour Sahib is less than the average of District Una and even that of State of Himachal Pradesh.

The complex [VO(γ-C3H8NCONHO)2] (I) has been synthesized by the reaction of VOSO4.5H2O with bimolar amounts of potassium-γ-aminobutyrohydroxamate (Kγ-ABH) in methanol and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance and IR and ESR spectral. The molecular modeling dynamics of the complex suggest a square pyramidal geometry around vanadium. The antimicrobial activities of the newly synthesized complex and respective potassium hydroxamate ligand have been screened in vitro against six bacterial strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae Salmonella typhi. and S. paratyphi and three fungal strains viz. A. niger, B. fulva and M. circinelloides has been assayed by MIC method. The complex has improved antimicrobial activity compared to free ligand.

Waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is glycolyzed along with virgin PET. A higher proportion of virgin PET in the mixture has the ability to consume more glycols during glycolysis. This gives rise to a glycolyzed PET (GPET1), which contains a lesser amount of free glycol and shows the highest hydroxyl value. During polyesterification of the polyester diol (glycolyzed PET) with maleic acid, the degree of polymerization (DPn), extent of reaction and acid value is observed to be increasing with an increase in the virgin PET content in the mixture. This is believed to be due to the increasing presence of BHET (bis-hydroxy ethylene terephthalate) in the glycolyzed PET.

The hemicelluloses are the principle non-cellulosic polysaccharides present in wood. Hemicellulose and cellulose collectively make the holocellulose of the wood. Hemicelluloses are distinguished from cellulose by the property that they are soluble in dilute aqueous alkali and in boiling water. After separation from the other wood components these are hydrolysed by warm and dilute acids into simple pentose or hexose sugars. Xylan, araban, mannan and galactan, as the name imply; on hydrolysis each one gives xylose, arabinose, mannose and galactose respectively. A hemicellulose giving both galactose and arabinose is a galacto-araban. The hemicelluloses are completely soluble in dilute caustic alkalis. A cold or hot 5% solution of sodium hydroxide is usually employed for their extraction. Isolated hemicelluloses are also soluble in hot, saturated solution of sodium carbonate and pentosans are removed from wood pulp by heating it with magnesium sulphite in the presence of calcium or magnesium oxide.

Four new Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Fe(III) chelates with synthesized azo Schiff base ligand (ASB) derived from Schiff base [salicylaldehyde and 2-aminothiophenol] with aniline were synthesized and characterized on the basis of various physicochemical methods including; CHNS elemental analyses, molar conductivity, magnetic moment measurements, infrared, electronic, mass and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The used techniques showed the formation of 1:1[M:L] ratio and confirm the geometrical structures of the azo Schiff base and its chelates. A square planar geometry was established for Ni(II) and Cu(II) chelates and octahedral structure for Co(II) and Fe(III) chelates. The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 0.5M HCl using azo Schiff base as inhibitor has been studied at 30 0C. High inhibition efficiency (> 90 %) of azo Schiff base for acidic corrosion of steel was determined at its low concentration (3×10-4 M) by weight loss measurements.

ABSTRACT: In this study, the detailed analysis of excitation function of elliptical flow by taking into account the nature of equation of state, nucleon-nucleon (NN) cross sections as well as momentum dependent interactions is performed within Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) model. All the physical parameters are found to sensitive towards the elliptical flow. The interesting observation from the study is that the transition energy is found to be decrease with increase in the size of the fragment in the presence of static equations of state and different NN cross sections, while trend gets opposite when momentum dependent interactions are included. Finally, experimental data of INDRA collaboration around the transition energy of 79Au197 +79 Au197 is verified with static hard equation of state in the presence of large cross section.

Biotechnology, with its knowledge-intensive nature and tremendous economic potential, has emerged as one of the rapidly-growing sectors of the Indian knowledge economy today. Focusing on the practical use of biological systems to produce goods and services, biotechnology has made significant achievements in the growth and its application in the areas of agriculture, healthcare, environment, etc through R & D projects and infrastructure creation. Biotechnology seemed to have improved the conditions of Living but the way information has been communicated and the way decisions are made; affect perception and public support or opposition to a new technology. Biotechnology is not a system of farming; It reflects no specific philosophy nor is it guided by a set of principles or performance criteria. It is a bag of tools than can be used for good or evil, and lots in between. Hence, the debate over the value of biotechnology in the society is polarized and impassioned. This paper clearly evaluates the rewards of this field into the society and its disfavours from the public.